Photovoltaic micro inverters generally refer to inverters in photovoltaic power generation systems with a power of less than 4000 watts and component level MPPT, also known as micro photovoltaic grid connected inverters.
The working principle of micro inverter:
1. DC input: The DC power generated by photovoltaic panels is transmitted to the micro inverter through cables.
2. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): Micro inverters typically include a MPPT that monitors the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel to ensure the maximum possible power is extracted from the panel.
3. Inverter: Micro inverters convert DC electrical energy into AC electrical energy. In this process, it needs to adjust the output voltage and frequency to match the standard voltage and frequency of the household or commercial power grid.
4. Synchronization and grid connection: Micro inverters must ensure that the generated AC power is synchronized with the grid, and automatically stop working in case of unstable grid voltage or power outage to ensure safety.
Compared to traditional centralized inverters, micro inverters invert each component. Its advantage is that it can independently control each component with MPPT, which can greatly improve overall efficiency, while also avoiding the DC high voltage, weak light effect, and barrel effect of centralized inverters.
The combination of micro inverters and communication functions can be used to monitor the status of various modules and detect faulty modules. When a photovoltaic power station with micro reverse technology is used, if one of the solar panels cannot function properly, only that panel will be affected. Other photovoltaic panels will operate at their optimal working conditions, resulting in higher overall system efficiency and greater power generation.
According to the grid connection method, it can be divided into grid connected micro reverse and off grid micro reverse.
According to the output voltage, it is divided into single-phase micro inverter and three-phase micro inverter.
Micro inverters have multiple advantages:
1. Traditional centralized inverters or string inverters for safety typically have direct current voltages ranging from several hundred volts to thousands of volts, making them prone to catching fire and difficult to extinguish once ignited. Micro reverse only has a DC voltage of a few tens of volts, all connected in parallel, minimizing safety hazards to the greatest extent possible.
2. Intelligent component level monitoring, where the working status of each component can be seen in the ECU.
3. High efficiency, MPPT with multiple power generation components, no barrel effect, reducing the impact of obstruction on power generation;
The weak light effect is good because the starting voltage is low, only 20V, and it can also work under weak light conditions.
4. The lifespan is usually 25 years for micro reverse design.
5. Convenient and aesthetically pleasing, it does not require the construction of a dedicated distribution room. The micro inverter can be directly installed behind the components or on the brackets. As it is a parallel structure, it can be installed directly when the scale is increased later without changing the previous configuration.
