What are the technical requirements for photovoltaic modules?
Photovoltaic modules are one of the most important components in photovoltaic systems, and qualified photovoltaic modules need to meet certain technical requirements. National and industry standards for photovoltaic modules require:
1. The service life of photovoltaic modules should be greater than 25 years under the specified working environment; The power attenuation of the component shall not be lower than 80% of the original power within 20 years;
2. The surface color of the battery of the component should be uniform and consistent, without mechanical damage, and there should be no oxidation spots on the surface of the solder joints and interconnecting strips; Each battery and interconnecting strip of the component should be arranged neatly, and the frame of the component should be clean and free of corrosion spots; Bubbles or delamination are not allowed to form a pathway between a battery and the edge of the component in the packaging layer of the component. The geometric dimensions and number of bubbles or delamination should comply with the corresponding detailed product specifications.
3. The power to area ratio of the component is greater than 65W/㎡, the power to weight ratio is greater than 4.5W/kg, and the fill factor FF is greater than 0.65; The insulation resistance of the component under normal conditions shall not be less than 200M Ω;
Power area ratio: reflects the amount of electricity that a unit area of photovoltaic module can generate. A higher power to area ratio means that more electrical energy can be generated on the same area.
Power to weight ratio: measures the amount of electricity generated by a unit weight of photovoltaic modules. A higher power to weight ratio indicates that photovoltaic modules can generate more electricity under the same weight, which is particularly important for lightweight design and portable applications.
Fill factor (FF): It is an important parameter for evaluating the performance of photovoltaic modules, which represents the ratio of the maximum power of the photovoltaic module to the product of the open circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The higher the fill factor, the closer the output characteristics of the photovoltaic module are to a rectangle, indicating a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. A higher filling factor can ensure that photovoltaic modules maintain high energy conversion efficiency under various environmental conditions.
4. Some important performance parameters of the component: fill factor FF between 0.5 and 0.8; The peak voltage of the component with 36 battery cells connected in series is 17~17.5V; The open circuit voltage of a component with 36 battery cells connected in series is around 21V.
5. The cross-linking degree of component EVA should be greater than 65%, and the peel strength between EVA and glass should be greater than 30N/cm, The peel strength between EVA and component backplate material is greater than 40N/cm; And there are reliable technical measures for snow prevention, condensation prevention, overheating prevention, dust prevention, lightning protection, hail resistance, typhoon resistance, and earthquake resistance.
6. Each photovoltaic module must have a label: product name and model; Main performance parameters: including short-circuit current Isc, open circuit voltage Voc, peak operating current Im, peak operating voltage Vm, peak power Pm, I-V curve, component weight, testing conditions, usage precautions, etc; And the manufacturer's name, production date, and brand trademark, etc.