Content Menu
● Factors Affecting Long-Term Storage
● Expected Lifespan in Storage
● How to maintain the performance of lithium batteries during long-term storage?
● Optimize the State of Charge
● Control the Storage Environment
● Regular Inspection and Maintenance
● FAQ
>> 1. How do I properly store a lithium battery when not in use?
>> 2. What causes a lithium battery to swell?
>> 3. Are lithium batteries safe for air travel?
>> 4. How does the charging rate affect a lithium battery?
>> 5. Can I use a non original charger for my lithium battery?
Lithium batteries can generally be stored for relatively long periods of time, but several factors need to be considered to ensure their performance and safety during storage. When stored properly at around 20°C and 40 - 60% state of charge, lithium ion batteries can typically retain a significant portion of their capacity for 1 to 2 years or even longer. Lithium iron phosphate batteries may have an even better storage performance and can often be stored for longer periods without significant degradation. However, if they are stored at extreme temperatures, high humidity, or at a full or empty state of charge for an extended period, their lifespan and performance will likely be negatively affected, leading to issues such as capacity loss and reduced cycle life.
Factors Affecting Long-Term Storage
State of Charge: Storing lithium batteries at an inappropriate state of charge can lead to capacity loss and other issues. It's generally recommended to store them at a 40% to 60% charge level. Batteries stored at full charge for extended periods may experience increased internal resistance and reduced lifespan due to chemical side reactions. On the other hand, completely discharging lithium batteries and leaving them in that state can cause irreversible damage to the electrode materials.
Temperature: Temperature plays a significant role in the long-term storage of lithium batteries. Extremes of heat or cold can accelerate battery degradation. The ideal storage temperature range is typically between 5°C and 35°C. Higher temperatures can speed up chemical reactions, leading to faster capacity fade and potential safety risks. Lower temperatures can also affect the battery's chemistry and may cause issues when the battery is brought back into use.
Humidity: High humidity environments can cause corrosion on the battery's terminals and other metal parts, which may lead to poor electrical contact and reduced performance. It's best to store lithium batteries in a dry place with low humidity.
Consumer Batteries: Lithium-ion batteries in consumer electronics like smartphones and laptops, when stored properly, may retain a significant portion of their capacity for 2 to 3 years. After that, there may be a noticeable decrease in capacity and performance.
Larger Batteries: For larger lithium batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage systems, they can often be stored for 3 to 5 years under optimal conditions without major degradation. However, if not stored properly, their performance can decline more rapidly.
How to maintain the performance of lithium batteries during long-term storage?
To maintain the performance of lithium batteries during long-term storage, the following measures can be taken:
Optimize the State of Charge
Maintain the Appropriate Charge Level: As mentioned before, store lithium batteries at a 40% to 60% state of charge. For example, if you're storing a lithium-ion battery from a laptop, charge it to this range before storage. This helps to minimize chemical reactions that can cause capacity loss and degradation.
Periodic Recharge: During long-term storage, it's necessary to check the battery's charge level regularly and recharge it to the appropriate range if it drops too low. The specific frequency depends on the type of battery and storage conditions, but generally, checking every 3 to 6 months is advisable.
Control the Storage Environment
Temperature Management: Store batteries within the optimal temperature range of 5°C to 35°C. Avoid storing them in places exposed to direct sunlight, near heat sources like radiators, or in extremely cold environments such as unheated garages in winter. If possible, use temperature-controlled storage facilities.
Humidity Control: Keep the storage environment dry with low humidity to prevent corrosion. The relative humidity should ideally be below 60%. You can use desiccants in the storage container to absorb moisture.
Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent the buildup of heat and harmful gases that may be produced during the battery's self-discharge process.
Handle and Store with Care
Proper Packaging: Use appropriate packaging to protect the batteries from physical damage. Wrap them in anti-static materials and place them in a sturdy container. Separate individual batteries to prevent contact and potential short circuits.
Avoid Vibration and Shock: Store batteries in a stable location away from sources of vibration and shock. If they are in a vehicle or other equipment that may experience movement, secure them firmly to prevent damage to the internal structure.
Regular Inspection and Maintenance
Visual Inspection:
Regularly check the batteries for any signs of physical damage, such as swelling, leakage, or deformation. If any such issues are found, dispose of the battery properly or have it inspected by a professional.
Performance Testing:
If possible, perform periodic performance tests, such as measuring the open-circuit voltage and internal resistance, to monitor the battery's health. This can help detect any potential problems early and take appropriate action.
1.Q: How do I properly store a lithium battery when not in use?
A: It is best to store a lithium battery at a 40% - 60% charge level. High or low charge levels can accelerate the battery's degradation during long term storage. Store the battery in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. If possible, keep it in a fire resistant container in case of any unforeseen issues.
2.Q: What causes a lithium battery to swell?
A: Swelling in a lithium battery is usually caused by internal gas generation. This can occur due to overcharging, over discharging, or exposure to high temperatures. Overcharging can cause the electrolyte to break down and produce gas. Similarly, when the battery is over discharged, the chemical reactions can become imbalanced, leading to gas formation. High - temperature conditions can also accelerate these unwanted chemical reactions that result in gas production and subsequent swelling.
3.Q: Are lithium batteries safe for air travel?
A: Lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries are generally allowed on air travel, but there are strict regulations. For carry on luggage, small consumer grade lithium ion batteries (such as those in smartphones, laptops) are usually permitted. However, the total lithium content of spare batteries is restricted. For checked luggage, the rules are more stringent, and in some cases, large lithium ion batteries, especially those in high capacity devices like some power tools, may not be allowed at all. This is to minimize the risk of fire or explosion during flight.
4.Q: How does the charging rate affect a lithium battery?
A: A high charging rate, such as fast charging, can save time but may also generate more heat. Excessive heat can accelerate the degradation of the battery over time. Although modern batteries and chargers are designed to manage heat during fast charging, frequent use of very high speed charging may slightly reduce the battery's long term lifespan compared to slower, more gentle charging methods. However, the impact is often relatively small if the charging system has proper heat management.
5.Q: Can I use a non original charger for my lithium battery?
A: It is not recommended to use a non original charger. Non original chargers may not have the correct voltage and current output specifications for your battery. Using an incompatible charger can lead to overcharging, under charging, or unstable charging, which can damage the battery, reduce its lifespan, and even pose safety risks such as overheating or fire. It's best to use the charger provided by the device manufacturer or a charger that is specifically approved for your lithium battery device.